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1. linux从源码编译到安装软件的3个步骤2. ./configure 的配置和用法基本配置配置安装目录微调安装目录配置程序名称配置系统类型配置可选特性配置包选项配置编译环境变量
3. 综合示例
1. linux从源码编译到安装软件的3个步骤
./configure
make
make install
1）./configure: configure是一个脚本，一般由Autoconf工具生成，它会检验当前的系统环境，看是否满足安装软件所必需的条件：比如当前系统是否支持待安装软件，是否已经安装软件依赖等。configure脚本最后会生成一个Makefile文件。 2）make make是一个命令，它使用第1步得到的Makefile文件，如果只有"make"命令，而没有指明"目标"，一般情况下是编译源码。 3）make install make install表示运行"目标为install的make命令"，即将编译后的结果复制到相应目录中。
2. ./configure 的配置和用法
每个configure脚本可配置参数都是不同的，具体可通过以下命令来查看：
./configure --help
下面以编译gdb-7.12.tar.gz为例，执行./configure --help
mayue6@Cpl-Ezviz-General-14-173:~/bulidspace/gdb-7.12-01/gdb-7.12/gdb$ ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
X features:
--x-includes=DIR X include files are in DIR
--x-libraries=DIR X library files are in DIR
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-maintainer-mode enable make rules and dependencies not useful
(and sometimes confusing) to the casual installer
--enable-plugins Enable support for plugins
--disable-largefile omit support for large files
--disable-build-with-cxx
build with C compiler instead of C++ compiler
--enable-targets=TARGETS
alternative target configurations
--enable-64-bit-bfd 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes)
--disable-gdbcli disable command-line interface (CLI)
--disable-gdbmi disable machine-interface (MI)
--enable-tui enable full-screen terminal user interface (TUI)
--enable-gdbtk enable gdbtk graphical user interface (GUI)
--enable-profiling enable profiling of GDB
--disable-rpath do not hardcode runtime library paths
--enable-libmcheck Try linking with -lmcheck if available
--enable-werror treat compile warnings as errors
--enable-build-warnings enable build-time compiler warnings if gcc is used
--enable-gdb-build-warnings
enable GDB specific build-time compiler warnings if
gcc is used
--enable-sim link gdb with simulator
--enable-multi-ice build the multi-ice-gdb-server
--enable-gdbserver automatically build gdbserver (yes/no/auto, default
is auto)
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-separate-debug-dir=PATH
look for global separate debug info in this path
[LIBDIR/debug]
--with-gdb-datadir=PATH look for global separate data files in this path
[DATADIR/gdb]
--with-relocated-sources=PATH
automatically relocate this path for source files
--with-auto-load-dir=PATH
directories from which to load auto-loaded scripts
[$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load]
--with-auto-load-safe-path=PATH
directories safe to hold auto-loaded files
[--with-auto-load-dir]
--without-auto-load-safe-path
do not restrict auto-loaded files locations
--with-libunwind-ia64 use libunwind frame unwinding for ia64 targets
--with-curses use the curses library instead of the termcap
library
--with-pkgversion=PKG Use PKG in the version string in place of "GDB"
--with-bugurl=URL Direct users to URL to report a bug
--with-system-zlib use installed libz
--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld default=no
--with-libiconv-prefix[=DIR] search for libiconv in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libiconv-prefix don't search for libiconv in includedir and libdir
--with-iconv-bin=PATH specify where to find the iconv program
--with-system-readline use installed readline library
--with-jit-reader-dir=PATH
directory to load the JIT readers from
--with-expat include expat support (auto/yes/no)
--with-libexpat-prefix[=DIR] search for libexpat in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libexpat-prefix don't search for libexpat in includedir and libdir
--with-python[=PYTHON] include python support
(auto/yes/no/
--with-guile[=GUILE] include guile support
(auto/yes/no/
--with-intel-pt include Intel Processor Trace support (auto/yes/no)
--with-libipt-prefix[=DIR] search for libipt in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libipt-prefix don't search for libipt in includedir and libdir
--without-included-regex
don't use included regex; this is the default on
systems with version 2 of the GNU C library (use
with caution on other system)
--with-sysroot[=DIR] search for usr/lib et al within DIR
--with-system-gdbinit=PATH
automatically load a system-wide gdbinit file
--with-lzma support lzma compression (auto/yes/no)
--with-liblzma-prefix[=DIR] search for liblzma in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-liblzma-prefix don't search for liblzma in includedir and libdir
--with-tcl directory containing tcl configuration (tclConfig.sh)
--with-tk directory containing tk configuration (tkConfig.sh)
--with-x use the X Window System
--with-babeltrace include babeltrace support (auto/yes/no)
--with-libbabeltrace-prefix[=DIR] search for libbabeltrace in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libbabeltrace-prefix don't search for libbabeltrace in includedir and libdir
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L
nonstandard directory
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l
CPPFLAGS C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I
you have headers in a nonstandard directory
CXX C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags
CPP C preprocessor
MAKEINFO Parent configure detects if it is of sufficient version.
MAKEINFOFLAGS
Parameters for MAKEINFO.
YACC The `Yet Another C Compiler' implementation to use. Defaults to
the first program found out of: `bison -y', `byacc', `yacc'.
YFLAGS The list of arguments that will be passed by default to $YACC.
This script will default YFLAGS to the empty string to avoid a
default value of `-d' given by some make applications.
XMKMF Path to xmkmf, Makefile generator for X Window System
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to the package provider.
基本配置
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
……
-h 或 --help 输出帮助信息。即使是有经验的用户也偶尔需要使用使用’–help’选项，因为一个复杂的项目会包含附加的选项。例如，GCC包里的’configure’脚本就包含了允许你控制是否生成和在GCC中使用GNU汇编器的选项。
-V 或 --version 打印用来产生’configure’脚本的Autoconf的版本号。
配置安装目录
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
--prefix=PREFIX 指定程序包的安装目录，示例./configure --prefix="$PWD/install"
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX 与’–prefix’选项类似,但是他是用来设置结构倚赖的文件的安装位置.编译好的’emacs’二进制文件就是这样一个文件.如果没有设置这个选项的话,默认使用的选项值将被设为和’–prefix’选项值一样.
微调安装目录
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
……
--bindir=DIR 指定二进制文件的安装位置，这里的二进制文件定义为可以被用户直接执行的程序。
--sbindir=DIR 指定超级二进制文件的安装位置.这是一些通常只能由超级用户执行的程序。
--libexecdir=DIR 指定可执行支持文件的安装位置。与二进制文件相反，这些文件从来不直接由用户执行，但是可以被上面提到的二进制文件所执行。
--datadir=DIR 指定通用数据文件的安装位置。
--libdir=DIR 指定库文件的安装位置。
--includedir=DIR 指定为除GCC外编译器安装的C头文件的安装位置。
--infodir=DIR 指定Info格式文档的安装位置.Info是被GNU工程所使用的文档格式。
--mandir=DIR 指定手册页的安装位置。
--srcdir=DIR 这个选项对安装没有作用，他会告诉’configure’源码的位置。一般来说不用指定此选项，因为’configure’脚本一般和源码文件在同一个目录下。
配置程序名称
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
--program-prefix=my 在生成的可执行文件前加前缀my，例如，使用’–program-prefix=g’来configure一个名为’tar’的程序将会使安装的程序被命名为’gtar’。当和其他的安装选项一起使用时，这个选项只有当他被`Makefile.in’文件使用时才会工作。
--program-suffix=suffix 在生成的可执行文件上加后缀suffix。
--program-transform-name=program 将可执行文件的名字设置为program，例如，假设生成的默认可执行文件的名字为hello，执行
./configure --program-prefix=test- && make && make install
则生成名字为test-hello的可执行文件。
配置系统类型
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
--build=BUILD 指定软件包安装的系统平台。如果没有指定，默认值将是’–host’选项的值。
--host=HOST 指定软件运行的系统平台。如果没有指定。将会运行`config.guess’来检测。
--target=GARGET 指定软件面向(target to)的系统平台。这主要在程序语言工具如编译器和汇编器上下文中起作用。如果没有指定，默认将使用’–host’选项的值。
示例：
./configure --target=mipsel-linux --host=mipsel-linux
详细用法参考：https://blog.csdn.net/mayue_web/article/details/103987915
配置可选特性
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
……
--enable-werror 将编译警告视为错误。
配置包选项
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
……
–with-PACKAGE[=ARG] 在自由软件社区里，有使用已有软件包和库的优秀传统。当用’configure’来配置一个源码树时，可以提供其他已经安装的软件包的信息。例如，倚赖于Tcl和Tk的BLT器件工具包。要配置BLT，可能需要给’configure’提供一些关于我们把Tcl和Tk装的何处的信息：
./configure --with-tcl=/usr/local --with-tk=/usr/local
‘–with-PACKAGE=no’与下面将提到的’–without-PACKAGE’是同义的。
--without-PACKAGE 有时候你可能不想让你的软件包与系统已有的软件包交互。例如，你可能不想让你的新编译器使用GNU ld。通过使用这个选项可以做到这一点：
./configure --without-gnu-ld
配置编译环境变量
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
……
CC= .c文件的编译命令，示例CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc
CFLAGS= .c文件的编译选项，示例CFLAGS="-g -O2 -I/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/include"
LDFLAGS= 链接选项，示例LDFLAGS="-L/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/lib"
LIBS= 链接库，示例LIBS="-lpthread"
CPPFLAGS= C/C++文件预处理选项，示例
CXX= c++文件的编译命令，示例CXX=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-g++
CXXFLAGS= c++文件的编译选项，示例
CPP= C预处理器，示例
3. 综合示例
示例1：
./configure CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc --host=mipsel-linux --target=mipsel-linux --program-prefix=mipsel-linux --prefix=/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install
示例2：
./configure CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc --enable-static CFLAGS="-g -O2 -I/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/include" LDFLAGS="-L/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/lib" --prefix=/home/mayue/bulidspace/gdb-7.6.1/install/mipsel --target=mipsel-linux --host=mipsel-linux --program-prefix=mipsel-linux-
示例3
./configure --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=mipsel-linux --prefix="$PWD/install"
参考资料 https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/86112f1382da1e27379787ed.html https://blog.csdn.net/dslztx/article/details/49079303 https://www.cnblogs.com/zl-graduate/articles/6600742.html https://www.jianshu.com/p/0d64954eb9bc
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